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June 1988
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Orthoptics
for
Convergence
Insufficiency—Cooper
457
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an
experiment to
determine if
orthoptics/vision training was successful
in treating convergence insufficiencies
and
reducing asthenopia. They again used an A-B-A crossover
design
to
control for
experimental
bias, placebo effects,
and
order
effects.
It
was
found that convergence training
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resulted in
an improvement in convergence ranges, which only minimally transferred to other testing conditions, e.g., positive relative convergence as
measured
with prisms or vectograms. On the other hand, transfer of vergence abilities from one
task to
another
had been
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FIG. 1. Young
patient makes a reaching response which breaks an infrared beam. Correct response
results
In presentation of a cartoon
reinforcement.
(Repnnted from
J Am
Optom Assoc 1980;51 :768.)
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Fuo. 2.
RDS presentation with fading in of both the S+ (monocular cue) and the S- (flat fusion dot pattern).
Patient responds to
Si-
by a reaching response portrayed
in Fig. 1. (Reprinted from J Am Optom Assoc
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